China · Zhejiang · Personality Rights

Hangzhou AI Face-Swapping Public-Interest Case

Unauthorised face-swapping for sexually explicit content prompted public-interest litigation. The court ordered deletion, an apology and public-interest damages.

Court or tribunal
Hangzhou Internet Court
Representative decision date
4 August 2023
Procedural status
Effective civil public-interest judgment; compliance reported publicly
Case number
(2023)浙0192民初4563号

01

Factual background & dispute

  • Yu collected and used facial information without the affected individuals’ consent.
  • Custom services, software and tutorials extended the risk of misuse.
  • Xiaoshan prosecutors brought a separate personal-information public-interest claim.

02

Core issues & judicial focus

  1. Consent and purpose limits for facial information
  2. Harm to the interests of an indeterminate group
  3. Civil public-interest remedies versus criminal proceedings

03

Judicial finding & holding

  • The court ordered cessation and deletion of the relevant personal information.
  • It required a public apology and RMB 60,000 in public-interest damages.
  • Prosecutors reported that the judgment became effective on 22 August 2023; this entry concerns civil relief.
Dates & procedural record
  • The procuratorial release reports that the judgment became effective and was performed.

04

Practical risk implications

01Check lawful purpose and authorisation, and block high-risk face-synthesis requests.

02Extend complaint handling to source images, face models, outputs, shared links and custom-service records.

03Establish escalation, necessary evidence preservation and lawful cooperation with investigations for suspected bulk misuse.

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